A metal bridge or a steel bridge is a type of bridge whose structural parts are mainly made of metal, especially steel. This type of bridge is widely used in modern constructions due to its strength, durability and high load capacity.
Construction of Babol and Amel metal bridge
The construction of a metal bridge is a complex and multi-stage process that requires detailed planning, engineering design and specialized implementation.A metal bridge is a type of bridge whose main structure is made of metal, especially steel. Due to the high strength and durability of metal, these types of bridges are used especially in large infrastructure projects such as road bridges, railways and pedestrian bridges. Steel is chosen as a material with high resistance to tensile and compressive forces and can withstand the heavy weight of traffic or other dynamic loads.
Metal bridge components
Metal bridges consist of several main components, each of which plays an important role in the stability and operation of the structure. The main components of a metal bridge are:
the deck
It is a surface on which traffic loads such as cars, trains or pedestrians are applied.The deck can be made of steel, concrete or a combination of the two.
Main beams
They are long beams that carry the load from the deck to the foundation. These beams are usually made of steel and are made in different ways depending on the design of the bridge.
Transverse beams
These beams are installed transversely and strengthen the deck. They also help transfer concentrated loads from the deck to the main beams.
the bases
There are columns that hold the bridge up and transfer the load of the bridge to the ground or river bed. The foundations may be made of concrete or metal.
Cables
In cable-stayed or suspension bridges, the cables are responsible for holding and distributing the load of the bridge. These cables are usually made of steel and connect the deck to tall towers or columns.
braces
Bracing systems are usually installed diagonally in structures to increase the stability of the bridge against lateral loads such as wind or earthquake.
Connections
Connections between different parts of the bridge are made through welding, bolts and rivets. These connections must be strong and stable so that the bridge can withstand different loads.
Foundation
It is the lower part of the bridge that holds the foundations and transfers the load of the entire structure to the ground. Foundations should be designed in such a way that they can withstand heavy loads and environmental changes.
End seats
At the end of each bridge there are abutments that connect the bridge to the ground and bear part of the load on the deck. These components are connected to each other in perfect harmony and help the metal bridge to bear various loads safely.
Types of metal bridges
Metal bridges are divided into different types based on the structure design and load transfer method. Each type of metal bridge is designed and implemented according to the needs of the project, environmental conditions and type of loading. We will explain the types of metal bridges below:
arch bridge
In the arch bridge, the metal arch structure transfers vertical loads in the form of compressive forces and bridge legs. This type of bridge has great strength due to the use of the geometric shape of the arch. It is suitable for medium to long spans, rivers and valleys.
suspension bridge
In this type of bridge, the deck is supported by metal cables that are connected to tall towers. Suspension cables transfer the load of the bridge to the towers and then to the piers. Suitable for very long spans such as bridges over rivers or lakes.
cable bridge
These bridges are very similar to suspension bridges, but in cable-stayed bridges, the cables are connected directly from the towers to the deck and transfer the load directly to the towers, and it is suitable for medium to long spans.
Metal pedestrian bridge
These bridges are designed for pedestrians and usually have lighter structures than traffic bridges. The design of these bridges is different depending on the environmental conditions.
Effective factors in choosing the right bridge
Choosing the right bridge for a specific project requires consideration of several key factors that directly affect the bridge's performance, cost, and durability. In the following, we will examine the effective factors in choosing a bridge:
Traffic loads
Traffic loads include the weight of cars, trains and pedestrians that the bridge can support.
Environmental loads
Such as wind load, electricity and earthquake that affect the design and construction of the bridge.
Dynamic loads
due to the movement of vehicles and infiltrations that must be taken into account.
Span length
The length of the span that the bridge must cover is one of the main factors in choosing the type of bridge. Suspension and cable bridges are usually suitable for long spans.
Geological and soil conditions
The bearing capacity of the soil and the geological conditions of the bridge construction site determine the type of foundation and the design of the bridge.
Geographical location
Access to the resources and location of the bridge (city, village, mountain, etc.) can be effective in choosing the design and materials.
Suitable steel for the construction of metal bridges
For the construction of metal bridges, choosing the right steel is very important, because it must be well resistant to heavy loads, atmospheric conditions, and material fatigue. Different types of steel are suitable for this purpose:
Structural steel
This type of steel is usually used in the construction of bridges and large structures. Among the different types of structural steel, we can mention alloy and non-alloy steels that have high strength and elasticity.
Carbon steel
Carbon steel is one of the most common and widely used types of steel in the construction of metal bridges. Due to its special characteristics, this type of steel is very suitable for building large structures and bridges.
Carbon steel has good strength and hardness that can withstand heavy loads.
Stainless steel
Stainless steel is one of the most suitable materials for the construction of metal bridges, especially in special situations where high corrosion resistance is required.Due to the presence of chromium, stainless steel has a high resistance to rust and corrosion, which makes it suitable for use in wet or corrosive environments.
The difference between steel and aluminum in the construction of metal bridges
The key differences between steel and aluminum in the construction of metal bridges depend on the mechanical, chemical and economic characteristics of these two materials. Both materials are used in engineering projects, but depending on the specific needs of the project, one of these two materials may be more suitable. In the following, the main differences between steel and aluminum in the construction of bridges are examined:
Steel
Steel is generally much stronger than aluminum in terms of tensile and compressive strength. Steel is usually used for large structures and bridges that need to bear heavy loads. For example, high strength steels can support more weight with less volume.
Aluminum
Aluminum is softer and less strong than steel. Although some aluminum alloys are more resistant, they are generally not suitable for heavy bridges. Aluminum is used in structures that require light weight and moderate strength.
Contact Soran Industrial Group for consultation, design and shed construction
Address:
Mazandaran, Amol, 7 km old Amol-Babol road, after Babkan gas station, Babkan industrial town, Golail St., plate 121-122
Contact number:
09111215243-011-43113911-15